The Compton Effect or Compton Scattering in Physics

The Compton effect (also called Compton scattering) is the result of a high-energy photon  colliding with a target, which releases loosely bound electrons from the outer shell of the atom or molecule. The scattered radiation experiences a wavelength shift that cannot be explained in terms of classical wave theory, thus lending support to Einsteins  photon theory. Probably the most important implication of the effect is that it showed light could not be fully explained according to wave phenomena.  Compton scattering is one example of a type of inelastic scattering of light by a charged particle. Nuclear scattering also occurs, although the Compton effect typically refers  to the interaction with electrons. The effect was first demonstrated in 1923 by Arthur Holly Compton (for which he received a 1927 Nobel Prize  in Physics). Comptons graduate student, Y.H. Woo, later verified the effect. How Compton Scattering Works The scattering is demonstrated is pictured in the diagram. A high-energy photon (generally X-ray or gamma-ray) collides with a target, which has loosely-bound electrons in its outer shell. The incident photon has the following energy E and linear momentum p: E hc / lambdap E / c The photon gives part of its energy to one of the almost-free electrons, in the form of kinetic energy, as expected in a particle collision. We know that total energy and linear momentum must be conserved. Analyzing these energy and momentum relationships for the photon and electron, you end up with three equations: energyx-component momentumy-component momentum ... in four variables: phi, the scattering angle of the electrontheta, the scattering angle of the photonEe, the final energy of the electronE, the final energy of the photon If we care only about the energy and direction of the photon, then the electron variables can be treated as constants, meaning that its possible to solve the system of equations. By combining these equations and using some algebraic tricks to eliminate variables, Compton arrived at the following equations (which are obviously related, since energy and wavelength are related to photons): 1 / E - 1 / E 1/( me c 2) * (1 - cos theta)lambda - lambda h/(me c) * (1 - cos theta) The value h/(me c) is called the Compton wavelength of the electron and has a value of 0.002426 nm (or 2.426 x 10-12 m). This isnt, of course, an actual wavelength, but really a proportionality constant for the wavelength shift. Why Does This Support Photons? This analysis and derivation are based on a particle perspective and the results are easy to test. Looking at the equation, it becomes clear that the entire shift can be measured purely in terms of the angle at which the photon gets scattered. Everything else on the right side of the equation is a constant. Experiments show that this is the case, giving great support to the photon interpretation of light. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Family Centered Care At The Hospital - 992 Words

During a patient stay in the hospital the most important care given is to encourage family centered care. Last year, my younger sister had reoccurring strep throat. Which lead to her decision to get her tonsils removed. My sister is terrified of needles and the idea of a hospital makes her jump out of her skin; she can be a horrible patient. While being admitted the nurse was very kind and patient. Her nurse needed to get an IV into her arm; while doing this the nurse explained everything that she needed to do and even distracted my sister by creating conversation with her. The nurse also noticed how nervous she was and gave her a lilac smelling stick. At the time the hospital was conducting an experiment to see if the stick decreased nerves before an operation. While we waited we tried keeping her mind off the operation to help her nerves stay low. After a little while, we were moved into the operating rooms waiting room. In the waiting room we meet the operating room nurse, the anesthesiologist and the doctor. They came out to talk to us before the surgery. They explained what was going to happen and this relieved some of the anxiety my sister was feeling as well as my Mom and I. Since my sister was on the older side of getting her tonsils out, the operating room nurse; who also had her tonsils removed at an older age, shared her experience and told my sister it was the best thing she has ever done. When she said this, my sister was automatically less nervous andShow MoreRelatedFamily Centered Care At The Hospital1279 Words   |  6 PagesDuring a patients’ stay in the hospital the most important care given is to encourage family centered care. Last year, my younger sister had recurring strep throat. Which lead to the decision to get her tonsils removed. My sister is terrified of needles and the idea of a hospital makes her jump out of her skin; she can be a horrible patient. While being admitted the nurse was very kind and patient. Her nurse n eeded to get an IV into her arm; while doing this the nurse explained everything that sheRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Hospital Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pageshad to go to a hospital. I am certain those memories are likely either blocked out from your head, or are not very pleasant. Many children often dread going to the hospital as they view the hospital as a place where many injections take place and where there are many sick people. Looking from a children’s perspective, a hospital has a bad smell, which is a very distinct disinfectant smell that is usually present in most hospitals. The environment of the hospital or upcoming hospital visits can makeRead MorePatient Centered Care At Florence Nightingale1232 Words   |  5 PagesPatient Centered Care Florence Nightingale paved the way for patient centered care in nursing. 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QI helps to develop a culture of excellence in nursingRead MoreProfessional Development : Finding A Bsn Program Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ability to provide quality care, achieve personal and professional satisfaction to their client through evidence base practice, and advance their career. The Magnet founders also recognize that nursing is about more than bedside skills and clinical techniques. Higher education can help nurses develop critical thinking and better communication skills, as well as openness to new ideas and new models of care – resulting in the highest possible standard of patient care (Preparing for magnet status:Read MoreThe Impact Of Patient Centered Care On Quality Of Patient Care1158 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Patient-Centered Care on Quality of Patient Care Rachel Stoller, RN Robert Morris University â€Æ' What would happen if patients were able to create their own healthcare experience? What would it look like? How would they benefit? I plan to discuss these hypotheticals through research regarding Patient-Centered Care. After all, studies and surveys performed by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, read that engaged patients in any health care setting, have betterRead MoreImprovement Of Patient Centered Care1304 Words   |  6 Pages Improvement of patient-centered care in the ICU (Capitalize title) Ilia Azhar, Maria Biffoni, Irina House, Renee LaBlanc Atlantic Cape Community College Patient-centered care is focused on the individual s health and needs, it empowers patient to be an active participant in their care along with doctors, nurses and other specialists. This requires that physicians, radiologic technologists radiologists and other health care providers develop good communication skills and address patient

The And Of Southern Africa - 1095 Words

We live in an age where resources that are essential to our survival are not yielded from our immediate environment, but acquired through legal tender which we have earned through labor. This allows western societies to thrive in all types of natural habitat. Whether you live in Nevada, or Alaska, you can always walk into a local grocery store and purchase a carton of milk, despite the fact that neither is a good place to raise cattle. This kind of arrangement has simplified our lives to a certain extent, but it has also caused a disconnection between us and mother nature. For centuries, our ancestors’ survival was inorexably linked to their surrounding environment. Their survival depended on their ability to interpret and negotiate†¦show more content†¦Their survival and culture is linked in several ways. Sharing is a prominent part of their culture. They are aware that in order to survival in such a harsh environment they must look after each other and share their food equally. There is also no disparity among the sexes, because more often than not, it is the women who bring home the lion’s share of the food. The !Kung people are also keenly aware of the land’s need to regenerate, therefore they often move camp so as to not exhaust the land completely. Due to the need for these moves they have also downplayed materialism by not amassing personal effects and traveling light. These adaptations have proven to be essential to their survival in the Kalahari Desert. Elsewhere in the world, different strategies have to be developed to negotiate equally or more hostile landscapes. In the arctic tundra of the north, the Inuit people have found ingenious ways of parlaying with the land. Despite the bleak landscape, the Inuit is able to make the most out of even the most discerning environment. Since the icy tundra supports little to no vegetation, the inuit’s diet is solely dependent on game and fish. An average inui t’s diet ranges from fish, seal, to arctic foxes, and polar bears. None of which makes an easy catch, but they take what they’ve learned from their surrounding and what they have learned while observing the animals in it to succeed in catching all available food. They consume

History, Development, and Societal Impact of the Internet

AO2 Drivers for continued development Technological Advances in technology have encouraged progression of the internet and have sometime been a drive of development. The advert of broadband has allowed communications to be faster, which has facilitated the transfer of larger file such as sound and video. This ability marked the beginning of the modern era of sites such as YouTube and iTunes. When looking at the technical side, the internet is developing rapidly. The reason for this would be that the technology today. Such as windows 8, this has appeared on msn advertisements, which shows us a sneak peak of what is different about it from the previous windows 7. Because the internet has new ideas that are getting more and more to a†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the internet has a long way to go before meeting the standards. Many years ago, the political process was not used within the internet. It has been said that the General Election would become a success if the internet could hold the answer to solve its problems. How ever, this does have its disadvantage because the internet could maybe cause political standards to collapse. Also to the point that Stuart MacLennan was fired from being a Labour Candidate because of unpleasant posts, he made on social network site Twitter. However, it had been said that these sort of problems needed to be dealt with when it comes to the web, because they can â€Å"come back to bite you†. Due to the internet growing and increasing more and more by the minute, those political organizations have tried to deal with it by getting people online to listen; this is because of the changes that are happening within different communication over the internet. Even through social network sites like twitter, Facebook had helped Barack Obama to gain more assistance and supporting with financial support to becoming president of United States of America in terms of getting more votes. However, is a disadvantage because when it came to Labour Mr MacLennan’s remarks over the network site Twitter and that this had been the case that had been explained by well-acknowledged people that things within the internet could be easily retrieved once deleted. In addition, those users should think many timesShow MoreRelatedSociology as a Perspective 1332 Words   |  6 Pageseveryday lives. According to Peter L. Berger sociological perspective is described as the link between societal ev ents and an individual’s life. Sociological perspective relates to sociological imagination, which was coined by C Wright Mills to illustrate the type of insight brought by the field of sociology (Isaksen undated). 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Guilt, Duty, And Unrequited Love Essay Example For Students

Guilt, Duty, And Unrequited Love Essay Guilt, Duty, and Unrequited Love: Deconstructing the Love Triangles in James Joyces The Dead and Thomas Hardys Jude the Obscurequot;Its no problem of mine but its a problem I fight, living a life that I cant leave behind. But theres no sense in telling me, the wisdom of the cruel words that you speak. But thats the way that it goes and nobody knows, while everyday my confusion grows.;quot; New Order, Bizarre Love Triangle, from Substance, 1987Most people who have watched a soap opera can recognize that the love triangle is a crucial element to the plot. In fact, the original radio broadcasted soap operas seemed to consist almost entirely of love triangles. The love triangle, for plot purposes, seems to be a popular technique employed to change the dynamic, add dimension, and generally spice up an otherwise stagnant monogamous relationship. It would make for a pretty dull and quite unpopular show if such popular daytime soap characters as Luke and Laura or Bo and Hope had enjoyed a sm ooth courtship, uncomplicated marriage and then grew old and gray together without a single conflict. The viewers watched them go through many conflicts, some of which involved the classic love triangle. Such conflicts as the love triangle keep the story moving. Common elements of triangles in todays soaps consist of lust, greed, jealousy, any of which are interchangeable with the conflicts resulting from situations involving lovers coming back from the dead or paternity uncertainties. Yet love triangles, whether in the soap opera or in the novel, are not all uniformly constructed. James Joyces The Dead and Thomas Hardys Jude the Obscure, both modernist novels, each contain love triangles as an integral element of the story. The key triangles I will focus on are comprised of Michael, Greta and Gabriel, and, Philotson, Sue, and Jude. Although not absolutely identical, deconstruction reveals guilt, duty, and unrequited love as essential components to the construction of both. #9;Besides the most obvious similarity that both triangles are composed of one woman and two men, guilt also figures prominently. Although the men of the triangles may have their own guilt-related issues, it seems as though it is the guilt felt by the women that presents the most conflict. In The Dead, Greta has to live with the knowledge that it is because of her, although indirectly, that Michael died. It is likely that because of this guilt that she pauses on the staircase to listen to The Lass of Aughrim, a song that, as she tells Gabriel later, reminds her of Michael. At the time, her husband interprets her expression on the staircase as one of quot;grace and mysteryas if she were a symbol of something.quot;(Joyce 2028). He was correct, except not in the way that he thought. All the way to the hotel, the lingering memory of that sight of her incites his passion. However, he experiences a terrible upset as Greta tells him about the song and what it means to her. This is the criti cal moment where Michael, or rather his memory, enters and completes the triangle, although he may have been there all along without Gabriels knowledge. To Gabriel, this turn of events casts a different light on his entire marriage to Greta as he quot;thought of how she who lay beside him had locked in her heart for so many years that image of her lovers eyes when he told her that he did not wish to livequot;(Joyce 2035). He wonders quot;how poor a part he, her husband, had played in her lifequot;(Joyce 2035). Although it is a bit peculiar for one of the members of this bizarre love triangle to reside beyond the grave, we see here that Michael plays a significant role, perhaps altering Gabriel and Gretas relationship forever, with Gretas guilt as the instigating factor. #9;As for Sue, in Jude, her guilt operates on a completely different level, a religious one. Like Greta, Sue also had a sick man die after braving the elements just to see her. Yet, unlike The Dead, this event has no great impact on the love triangle between Jude, Sue and Philotson. This three-cornered romantic disaster, because of Sues return to Philotson, had already reached its climax. If anything, Judes death made Sues promise never to see him again easier. But because Judes death happens at the end of novel, the reader does not find out if this adds to or detracts from her guilt. All we are told is that she is quot;tired and miserable,quot; quot;years and years older,quot; quot;quite a staid worn woman,quot; and still absolutely repulsed by Philotson (Hardy 431). Sues guilt originates from societal pressures, and then surfaces after the death of the children. She knows that shacking up with Jude after her divorce from Philotson is frowned upon, yet she does not share the same morals and values as the society in which she lived, thus, does not expect any sort of punishment. She takes the horrifying death of her children as a sign of divine admonishment. quot;I see marriage differently now!M y babies have been taken from me to show me this!quot;(Hardy 369). Therefore, so that their deaths would not have been in vain, Sue becomes religious and returns to Philotson, adding more complexity to the triangle. Sues last words to Jude before he dies are: quot;Dont follow medont look at me. Leave me, for pitys sake!quot;(Hardy 412). This bizarre love triangle may not be broken even after Judes death, for it is he whom she really loves. For Philotson, Sue only feels a sense of duty. Golden Rice EssayThis may be how Philotson felt when he found that his love for Sue was so undeniably unrequited. How damaging it must be for a mans ego to find that his wife would rather brave sleeping in a closet than with him. Philotson wonders wry, quot;What must a womans aversion be when it is stronger than her fear of spiders!quot;(Hardy 232). The poor man had normal expectations for his marriage, only to find that the mere suggestion of intimacy prompted her leap to what could have been her death. He explains to his friend Gillingham, quot;She jumped out the windowso strong was her dread of me!quot;(Hardy 241). This is the final straw and Philotson grants her a divorce. Yet, he is not the only one to experience unrequited love. Jude does also, but definitely not to such a severe degree. Although, Sue loves Jude, she does not seem to love him enough to stay with him, at least not in the way he loves her. He wants her as a wife and she is content to go back to just friendship. quot;Well be dear friends just the same Jude, wont we?quot;(Hardy 374). She asks him, as if Jude could so easily dissolve his romantic feelings for her. Sues only real true love appear to be her own values and moral urges, which seem to change with the tide throughout the novel. #9;Love, with its power to create agony or ecstasy, is a dependable source of drama, whether it be for the novel or the soap opera. As we see in Jude the Obscure and The Dead, the tension of the love relationship is increased with the addition of a third party. Jude and Sues relationship may likely have been quite simpler without the presence of Philotson. He would not have been an option for Sues need to rectify the death of the children. In fact, she may have seen marriage to Jude as the right thing to do. They may have actually gotten married and been very happy. But for some reason, Hardy did not allow this to happen. Instead, he preferred to leave the reader with the dark view of love, where there is n ot always a happy ending. As for Gabriel and Gretas relationship, if Greta had not told of Michael, Gabriels evening may have ended much differently. He would most likely have satisfied his lust, yet the novel would lack the epiphany Gretas confession causes him to have. The components of guilt, duty, and unrequited love, though not universal traits, do well to maintain the complexity and efficacy of these particular love triangles.

Scared monologue Anne Of Green Gables Essay Example For Students

Scared monologue Anne Of Green Gables Essay Why am I here? I didnt do anything. It was them. Have they sent me here? Ill make them pay. Theyll pay for this. All of them. Im alone, no wait Lucy! Ann: Lucy let me come down, Im going to fall off! Lucy: No you wont, dont be silly Ann, come on trust me you wont fall off. Ann: Lucy please I m scared, let me come down, I wanna go home now, its really dark Lucy: please Ann we never have any fun, lets just stay for a little while longer then I promise we can go home, ok? Ann: no Lucy, I want to go home, you dont understand, there are things there, I can see them, Im scared can we please go home, please lucy, I dont want to play any more. I want to go home, please, Im scared, please. (sobbing now) Lucy (annoyed): God Ann, stop being such a baby, theres nothing there. Dont tell me youre scared of the dark now. Sheesh, whats there to be scared of, see theres nothing there, stop acting like a baby, and lets play for a little while longer. (Shadows are suddenly behind Ann, whispering to her) Ann (in a scary and different voice, says the words silently and slowly): theres a lot to be scared of Lucy, you didnt want to go home did you, then pay for your mistake Lucy (scared now): Ann whats wrong, why are you talking like this, ok, if you want to go home then lets go, I dont mind, I dont want to play anymore. Well go home. Ok? Ann (in the same voice as before): its too late now, you wouldnt go when you should have gone, its far far too late now, youll have to pay for your mistake, everyone does. Bye, I wont see you again. Not for a long time.  (Suddenly lunges forward, grabs Lucy by the throat and strangles her.) Ann (screaming, sobbing, begging): help, some one killed my sister, help, please someone, please help. I saw them, they strangled her and ran away, please help, please. Please, please someone, please. Ann (looks forward to the audience) they did it, I know they did, everything was fine before they came, we were happy, me, mom, dad and (sob) Lucy. We were happy, but they came and ruined everything.  Shadows appear, when parents are talking about Lucys death, she talks in strange voice again Dont blame me for what happened, I warned her, but she wouldnt listen to me, see what happened, its all her fault, she should have listened to me. And now youre blaming me as well, dont blame me for Lucys mistakes, Ill make you pay, Ill make you all pay for this. She is about to lunge forwards and strangle them like she did with Lucy, but suddenly she freezes, shakes her head, looks confused, looks around her sees her parents, with the shadows poised right behind them, screams and runs out of the house, shadows follow behind her, parents can be heard screaming Ann come back, their voices become distant till they fade away. Leaving her on her own, sitting in the middle of the stage, rocking back and forth and starts talking.) They killed her, I first saw them when I was 10, then they kept coming wouldnt leave me alone, its been 13 years since my sister was murdered. Oh lucy, sweet lucy, Im sorry, sorry about what happened. They wanted to kill mom and dad, but I didnt let them, I didnt, I made sure they didnt. It was them, they came like a tornado and caused destruction in all our lives. They did it, it was them I know it was, Im so sorry. Miss you loads.